Revolutionary Ideas: An Intellectual History of the French Revolution From the Rights of Man to Robespierre Read Free Page B

the fall of the monarchy, fled to Germany to join the émigré princes.
    Cérutti, Giuseppe (Joseph Antoine) (1738–1792), Piedmontese ex-Jesuit philosophy teacher and revolutionary orator whose Mémoire pour le peuple françois was among the leading political pamphlets of 1788. Ally of Mirabeau, Cérutti figured prominently in the Cercle Social and was among the first to defend the reputation of d’Holbach in print against Rousseau. Founder and editor of La Feuille villageoise (1790–94), the only important revolutionary paper addressed primarily to rural society, turned it into a highly successful paper with a wide circulation.
    Chabot, Francois (1756–1794), renegade Capuchin monk turned revolutionary. In the Convention and his paper, the Journal populaire , projected himself as a zealous champion of sansculottisme. No-one more vociferously denounced Lafayette, Brissot, Condorcet, and many others. Active in the de-Christianization movement and in promoting the Terror, lack of powerful friends as well as love of money and women hastened his downfall. Mired in corruption scandals, was imprisoned in November 1793 and guillotined in Paris on 4 April 1794.
    Chalier, Joseph (1747–1793), the so-called Marat of Lyon, main organizer of the coup of 6 February 1793 that brought the Montagne to power in Lyon. Earlier elected president of the local tribunal of commerce, was for a time the idol of the Lyon silk-workers and unemployed. But so ruthlessly despotic was his regime, Lyon’s population soon became deeply alienated. The Brissotin rising of 29 May 1793 overthrew the local Montagne, imprisoning Chalier. Guillotined in Lyon on 15 July 1793.
    Chamfort, Nicolas (1741–1794), renowned aphorist and man of letters, a prominent revolutionary publicist and leading foe of the royal academies. In 1789, joined the entourage of Mirabeau for whom he wrote speeches and became a prominent journalist contributing to several revolutionary papers. Appointed a director of the Bibliothèque Nationale in 1792, was driven to suicide during the Terror.
    Chaumette, Pierre Gaspard (1763–1794), failed medical student and leading member of the Montagnard Paris city government after 10 August 1792. City procurator from December 1792, in the autumn of 1793 played a prominent part in both the Terror and the de-Chistianization campagne. A homosexual, he also led the Montagnard campaign against prostitutes for whom he nurtured a fanatical hatred. Servile toward Robespierre, the latter nevertheless loathed him, his friends, and his overt atheism. Guillotined in Paris on 13 April 1794.
    Chénier, Marie-Joseph (1764–1811), younger brother of the poet André Chénier, became (aside from Voltaire) the Revolution’s leading playwright with his drama Charles IX first staged in 1789. Foremost spokesman for full freedom of the theater, played a key role both in the Jacobins and the direction of the Revolution’s general republican propaganda. His plays were generally banned during the Montagnard ascendancy. A member of the Council of Five Hundred from 1795, was stripped of all public functions in 1802 for opposing Napoleon’s dictatorship.
    Clavière, Étienne (1735–1793), Genevan financier and democratic republican, prominent in the Genevan Revolution of 1782 and ally of Mirabeau and Brissot in Paris in 1789. Subsequently among Brissot’s closest political associates. Arrested on 2 June 1793, stabbed himself to death in his cell on 8 December 1793 to avoid the guillotine.
    Cloots, Jean-Baptiste “Anacharsis” (1755–1794), wealthy Dutch-born Prussian baron resident in Paris. A leading journalist and publicist publishing widely both before and during the Revolution, was an avowed atheist and de-Christianizer, and the Revolution’s most dogmatic cosmopolitan. Despite his estrangement from the Brissotins, Robespierre procured his downfall, maligning him as a foreign agent. Guillotined in Paris, 24 March 1794.
    Collot d’Herbois, Jean-Marie