groups to stir up blood circulation, warm-up routine ..................................................149 6.35 Thorough Effleurage: Light to medium pressure to assist the circulation and drainage of fluids, cool-down routine ................................................150 7.1 Foreleg Protraction ...............................................154 7.2 Foreleg Retraction ................................................156 7.3 Foreleg Abduction ................................................157 7.4 Foreleg Adduction ................................................158 7.5 Hind Leg Protraction ............................................159 7.6 Hind Leg Retraction ............................................160 7.7 Hind Leg Abduction .............................................161 7.8 Hind Leg Adduction .............................................162 7.9 Back Extension ....................................................163 7.10 Neck Extension ....................................................165 7.11 Neck Flexion........................................................166 7.12 Lateral Neck Flexion ............................................167 7.13 Stay Mechanism of the Horse ...............................170 8.1 Lateral Bending of the Neck: Duplicate on other side; use a food reward to make the work easier ...........................................................176 8.2 Neck Flexion: Again, use a food reward ................177 8.3 Neck Extension: Progressively bring the head into this position ...................................................178 8.4 Shoulder Extension Stretch:This protraction stretching movement is good for stretching the flexor muscles of the leg .......................................179 8.5 Shoulder Extension Deep Stretch:This version is done after the initial stretch and allows for extra stretching of the flexor tendon and the suspensory ligament ..............................................179 List of Figures xv 8.6 Shoulder Flexion Stretch:This retraction stretching movement is good for stretching the foreleg extensor muscles........................................180 8.7 Shoulder Flexion Deep Stretch:This version is done after the initial stretch and allows for extra stretching of the extensor tendon and ligament structure of the anterior aspect of the foreleg .......180 8.8 Hip Extension Stretch:This protraction stretching movement is good for stretching the flexor muscles of the hind leg .........................................182 8.9 Hip Extension Deep Stretch:This version is done following the initial stretch and allows for extra stretching of the flexor tendon and the suspensory ligament................................................................182 8.10 Hip Flexion Stretch:This retraction stretching movement is good for stretching the extensor muscles of the hind leg .........................................183 8.11 Hip Flexion Deep Stretch:This version is done after the initial stretch and allows for extra stretching of the extensor tendon and ligament structures of the anterior aspect of the hind leg ....183 8.12 Quadriceps Stretch:This special stretching movement is good for stretching the quadriceps and gluteus muscle groups.....................................184 8.13 Back Stretching.....................................................185 8.14 Back Muscles Stretch ............................................185 8.15 Tail Stretch ...........................................................186 9.1 Float Line Diagram...............................................194 10.1 Superficial Muscle Layer with Stress Point Location ...............................................................197 10.2 Front Muscles with Stress Point Location..............198 10.3 Back Muscles with Stress Point Location...............199 10.4 Deep Muscle Layer with Stress Point Location......200 10.5 Head and Neck