The People of the Eye: Deaf Ethnicity and Ancestry Read Free

the previous estimate to not more than 500,000 people who were signing at home in 1972," quotation from p. 323. ASL use would be fewer. See Note 1; C. Padden and T. Humphries, Inside Deaf Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005), p. 9: 100-300,000 ASL signers; J. D. Schein, At Home Among Strangers (Washington, D.C.: Gallaudet University Press, 1989).
    2 A person who produces messages in English is called an English speaker. On that model, we should refer to ASL speakers; we have not done so only to avoid distracting those readers who are new to Deaf studies. On population estimates, see: R. E. Mitchell, "How Many Deaf People Are There in the United States? Estimates From the Survey of Income and Program Participation," Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 11 (2006): 112-119; C. Binnie, "The Future Of Audiologic Rehabilitation: Overview And Forecast," in Research in Audiological Rehabilitation, J. P. Gagne and N. Tye-Murray, eds. (Cedar Falls, Iowa: American Academy of Rehabilitative Audiology, 1994), 13-24.
    3 B. Bahan, "Memoir Upon the Formation of a Visual Variety of the Human Race," in B. K. Eldredge, D. Stringham, and M. Wilding-Diaz, eds., Deaf Studies Today (Orem, Utah: Utah Valley State College, 2005),17-35; C. Padden and T. Humphries, Deaf in America: Voices from a Culture (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988); "For they are first, last, and all the time the people of the eye." George Veditz, "The President's Message," Ninth Convention Of The National Association and the Third World's Congress of the Deaf, August 6-13, 1910 (Philadelphia, Pa.: Philocophus Press, 1912), quotation from p. 30.
    a This contrast is often expressed in the scholarly literature by the use of capital-D Deaf for those who use a sign language primarily and small-d deaf for members of the larger group who do not, following a convention first proposed by James Woodward in 1972. J. Woodward, How You Gonna Get to Heaven If You Can't Talk to Jesus? On Depathologizing Deafness (Silver Spring, Md.: TJ Publishers, 1982).
    5 J. Fernandes and S. Myers, "Deaf Studies: Barriers and Pathways," Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 15 (2010), 17-29. S Myers and J. Fernandes, "Deaf Studies: A Critique of the Predominant U.S. Theoretical Direction," Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 15 (2010), 30-49.
    6 C. Padden, "From The Cultural To The Bicultural: The Modern Deaf Community," in I. Parasnis, ed., Cultural and Language Diversity: Reflections on the Deaf Experience (Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 79-98. See also: C. Padden, "The Culture of Deaf People," in C. Baker and R. Battison, eds., Sign Language and the Deaf Community, Essays in Honor of William Stokoe (Silver Spring, Md.: National Association of the Deaf, 1980), 89-103.
    7 R. E. Mitchell and M. Karchmer, "Chasing the Mythical Ten Percent: Parental Hearing Status of Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in the United States," Sign Language Studies 4 (2004): 138-163.
    s For a study of Deaf ethnicity using survey data, see R. Eckert, Deafnicity: A Study of Strategic and Adaptive Responses to Audism by Members of the Deaf American Community of Culture. (Ph.D. diss., University of Michigan, 2005); R. Eckert, "Toward a Theory of Deaf Ethnos: Deafnicity = D/deaf (Homaemon · Homoglosson · Homothreskon)," Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education 15 (2010): 317-333.
    9 The concept of Deaf ethnicity was first explored in the United States in articles and chapters by (alphabetically): C. Erting, "Language Policy and Deaf Ethnicity in the United States," Sign Language Studies 19 (1978): 139-152; C. Erting, "Deafness, Communication And Social Identity: An Anthropological Analysis of Interaction among Parents, Teachers, and Deaf Children in a Pre-School" (Ph.D. diss., American University, 1982); C. Padden and H. Markowicz, "Crossing Cultural Group Boundaries into the Deaf Community" (paper delivered at the Conference on Culture and Communication,