Ayn Rand: The Russian Radical Read Free

August 1921. (Rand fulfilled all the requirements of university study, passing all her requisite tests for twenty-three courses and three seminars by 15 July 1924.)
    Of most importance, the petition provides information concerning Rand’s secondary school studies. She graduated on 30 June 1921 from the IV Group of Level II in School N 4 (the former Zemstvo gymnasium of A. P. Rushchinskaia and A. A. Mironovich ), located in the Crimean city of Evpatoria. Her secondary school courses are listed: Languages (Russian, French, German, Latin); Mathematics; Physics; Cosmography (general description of the world or universe); History; Geography; Natural Science; Logic; Psychology; Soviet Constitution; Drawing; Political Economy; and Shop (literally “Manual Labor” or “Hand Work,” which consisted in the development of “practical” skills in both boys and girls).
    Typically, students were rated by the Academic Council for both academic “achievement” and “conduct.” All of Rand’s secondary school grades are reported as “very satisfactory,” with the exception of “Soviet Constitution,” in which Rand received “credit” for having “studied” or “learned” the material. The secondary school certificate bears the signature of Mironovich, who served as Chairman of the School Council, and the signatures of other Council members. 3
      2. Handwritten University Records
The handwritten university record cards for Alissa Rosenbaum do not include much more information than was brought to light in my previous work. The record documents that Rand was a student of theSocial-Pedagogical Division (encompassing Literature and the Arts as well) of the Faculties (or Departments) of the Social Sciences of Leningrad State University.
    Rand’s university coursework is documented across seven columns split over recto and verso pages. Column I lists the names of the courses, that is, the “subjects” or “practical studies” for which Rand received credit.
    Column I of these handwritten records shows Rand’s coursework in a slightly different order from that presented in the typewritten transcript that I analyzed in 1999. The first seven courses are exactly the same. In the handwritten version, however, two of Rand’s senior seminar courses are misplaced: Course #24 below is listed as course #8, and Course #25 is listed as Course #9, thereby changing by two numbers the order of all subsequent entries (e.g., Course #8 in the typewritten transcript is listed as Course #10 in the handwritten version, and so on).
    For the sake of consistency with my 1999 essay, I repeat the more formal, chronological listing of courses here—without my detailed analyses of the courses’ contents or the professors who most likely taught those courses. 4 Those analyses remain valid.
      1. General Theory of the State and the State Structure in the RSFSR (Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) and the USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)
      2. History of the Development of Social Forms (or Institutions)
      3. Psychology
      4. Logic
      5. French Language
      6. Historical Materialism
      7. History of Worldviews (Ancient Period)
      8. Biology
      9. History of Greece
    10. History of Rome
    11. Russian History
    12. Medieval History
    13. History of Socialism
    14. Special Course: Social Movements in Fourteenth-Century France
    15. Special Course: History of the Crusades
    16. Modern History (“Modern” might also be translated as “Recent”)
    17. Modern History of the West
    18. History of Modern Russia
    19. History of Pedagogical Doctrines
    20. Methodology of the Social Sciences
    21. The Politics and Organization of Popular Education in the USSR
    22. Special Course: History of Medieval Trade
    23. Political Economy
    24. Seminar in Modern History (Sixteenth-Century England)
    25. Seminar in Modern History (Seventeenth-Century France)
    26. Seminar in the History of the Middle Ages (the Medieval