side of the green. The children wondered if Eric would be as friendly as he had been when theyâd first met him. When heâd left them the night before he hadnât seemed friendly at all.
The Aldens were relieved to find that he was happy to see them. âWelcome!â Eric said cheerfully. âReady to learn about printing?â
âWe sure are!â said Henry.
âFirst put these on so that you donât get ink on your clothes.â Eric handed each of the children a large, heavy apron. âToday Iâm printing posters to advertise a special harvest picnic this Saturday at noon on the green. There will be lots of games and prizes, and plenty of food, of course. But before we can start printing, we need to decide what the posters should say, and how they should look.â
Eric set the children up at a table with some paper and pencils, while he talked to some visitors who had just come in. When at last the Aldens had agreed on the design, they showed it to Eric.
Youâre invited!
HARVEST PICNIC ON THE GREEN
Contests, games, prizes, and plenty of food
Saturday at twelve oâclock
Please come and enjoy the fun!
âThat looks great,â Eric said. âNow for the next step.â He pulled out two large flat wooden cases. The cases were divided into lots of little compartments that were filled with metal blocks. Eric reached in the top case and took a block from the upper left-hand compartment. On one side of the block was the letter A. âYou see, each of these blocks has a letter on it. This upper case holds the capital letters. The lower case holds the small letters.â
âIs that why theyâre called âupper caseâ and âlower caseâ letters?â Jessie asked.
âYes, as a matter of fact, it is,â said Eric. âThese are called blocks of type. Youâll take the type from these cases and lay them in this metal tray.â He showed them an empty metal tray on the counter. âFirst youâll need a capital Y for âYouâreâ and then a small o and a small u and so on. Once all of the type is arranged in this tray, you roll ink over the tray, and put the tray in the printing press.â He motioned to a large machine. âBut Iâll show you how to do that later.â
âIs this really how they printed all their newspapers and books and everything?â Henry asked.
âYes,â Eric said. âThings were a lot harder then. But before you start arranging the letters in the tray, thereâs one important thing you have to remember. The letters have to be put in backward.â
âBackward!â Violet said.
âLet me show you,â Eric said. He took a few pieces of type out of the cases, and laid them in the tray. âKnow what that says?â The children leaned over to see. Eric had placed the lettersin the tray, and they were all backward. Then he inked the tray and put it in the press. After heâd printed a page, he showed it to the children.
âThatâs my name!â Benny said proudly.
âYes, it is,â Eric said. âTo check that youâve put the type in properly, you use a mirror. If the letters are the right way in the mirror, theyâll come out right on the paper. In colonial times, boys no older than Violet might have had a job like this. Do you know who Benjamin Franklin was?â
âIs he the one who discovered electricity with a kite and a key?â Benny asked.
âHe was indeed,â said Eric. âAnd he started off as an apprentice in his brotherâs print shop doing the same kinds of things youâll be doing.â
For the rest of the morning the children laid the blocks of type in the tray. There were several different cases of type, large and small, fancy and plain. It was fun deciding how the poster should look.
While the Aldens worked, more visitors came into the shop, and Eric explained what the children were